![]() Some early models also had unreliable mechanical design. The system had been initially designed for dictation and portable use, thus the audio quality of early recorders was not well suited for music. The mass production of compact audio cassettes began in 1965 in Hannover, Germany, as did commercial sales of prerecorded music cassettes (also known as musicassettes MC for short). (Vinyl overall remained ahead due to greater sales of singles, although cassette singles achieved popularity for a period in the 1990s). During the 1980s, its popularity grew further as a result of the Sony Walkman, with cassette sales overtaking those of LPs. It went on to become a popular (and re-recordable) alternative to the vinyl record deck during the 1970s. Although there were other magnetic tape cartridge systems at the time, the Compact Cassette became dominant as a result of Philips' decision (in the face of pressure from Sony) to license the format free of charge. The compact audio cassette medium for audio storage was introduced by Philips in 1963 under the name Compact Cassette. We hope you enjoy these tapes as much as we do! There's an amazing range of designs, starting from the early 60's functional cassette designs, moving through the colourful playfulness of the 70's audio tapes to amazing shape variations during the 80's and 90's. is a project of, built to showcase the amazing beauty and (sometimes) weirdness found in the designs of the common audio tape cassette. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. Use the information below to generate a citation. Then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, Then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This book uses the The existence of induced electric fields is certainly not restricted to wires in circuits. For example, if the circular coil of Figure 13.9 were removed, an electric field in free space at r = 0.50 m r = 0.50 m would still be directed counterclockwise, and its magnitude would still be 1.9 V/m at t = 0 t = 0, 1.5 V/m at t = 5.0 × 1 0 − 2 s, t = 5.0 × 1 0 − 2 s, etc. These nonconservative electric fields always satisfy Equation 13.12. But what happens if d B / d t ≠ 0 d B / d t ≠ 0 in free space where there isn’t a conducting path? The answer is that this case can be treated as if a conducting path were present that is, nonconservative electric fields are induced wherever d B / d t ≠ 0, d B / d t ≠ 0, whether or not there is a conducting path present. When the magnetic flux through a circuit changes, a nonconservative electric field is induced, which drives current through the circuit.
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